Liberalism in Portugal

Liberalism

Development History of liberalism Contributions to liberal theory
Ideas Political liberalism Political freedom Cultural liberalism Democratic capitalism Democratic education Economic liberalism Free trade Individualism Laissez faire Liberal democracy Liberal neutrality Negative / positive liberty Market economy Open society Popular sovereignty Rights (individual) Separation of church and state Harm principle Permissive society
Variants Anarcho-liberalism Classical Conservative Democratic Green Libertarianism Market National Neoliberalism Ordoliberalism Paleoliberalism Radicalism Religious liberalism Social
People John Locke Adam Smith Adam Ferguson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Alexis de Tocqueville David Hume Baron de Montesquieu Jeremy Bentham Milton Friedman Thomas Malthus Václav Havel Wilhelm von Humboldt Frederic Bastiat John Stuart Mill Thomas Hill Green Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse John Maynard Keynes Bertrand Russell Ludwig von Mises Friedrich Hayek Isaiah Berlin Joel Feinberg John Rawls Robert Nozick David Laws
Organizations Liberal parties Liberal International International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) European Liberal Youth (LYMEC) Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD) Africa Liberal Network (ALN) Liberal Network for Latin America (Relial)

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This article gives an overview of liberalism in Portugal. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

1 Background
2 History
3 See also

Background

Liberalism was a strong force in nineteenth century Portugal. Since then, several parties have been heirs, in a way or another, from the liberal ideology.

History

From Democratic Group to New Progressive Party

1826: Supporters of the liberal revolution of 1820 established the Democratic Group (Grupo Democrata)
1840: The party is reorganised into the Progress Party (Partido do Progresso), founded by João de Saldanha
1849: The party merged into the conservative Regenerator party (Partido Regenerador)
1851: This faction left the party and founds the Progressive Historical Party/Party of Historical Progressives (Partido Progressista Histórico/Partido dos Progressistas Históricos)
1862: The party split into the Reformist Party and the Historical Party (Partido Histórico)
1876: Both parties reunited into the New Progressive Party (Novo Partido Progressista), which develops into a conservative party
1910: The party disappeared

Reformist Party

1862: The ⇒ Party of Historical Progressives split into the Reformist Party (Partido Reformista) of Sá da Bandeira and the ⇒

Historical Party

1876: Both parties reunited into the ⇒ New Progressive Party

Portuguese Republican Party

1872: Revolutionary and radical liberals established the Portuguese Republican Party (Partido Republicano Português)
1891: The party is banned
1906: The party is reestablished
1910: The radicalized party staged a revolution and its leader Joaquim Teófilo Braga became prime minister
1911: The ⇒ Republican National Union seceded
1920: The ⇒ National Reconstituted Republican Party seceded, leaving the Portuguese Republican Party as an intransigent radical, even jacobine party, which is banned in 1926

From Republican National Union to Radical Party

1911: Liberal and moderate factions of the Portuguese Republican Party (Partido Republicano Português) formed the Republican National Union (União Nacional Republicano)
1912: This party split and liberals established the Evolutionist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Evolucionista), led by António José de Almeida. The conservative wing continued as the Republican Union
1919: A faction joined the conservative Republican Liberal Party and the liberals formed the Popular Portuguese Party (Partido Português Popular)
1922: The party is renamed Radical Party (Partido Radical)

From National Reconstituted Republican Party to Republican Action

1920: Liberal elements from the ⇒ Portuguese Republican Party formed the National Reconstituted Republican Party (Partido Republicano Reconstituente Nacional)
1923: The party merged into the conservative Nacionalist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Nacionalista), but later that year it is refounded as the Republican Action (Acção Republicana)
1926: The party is banned

Social Democratic Party

The Social Democratic Party was a full right member of the Liberal International, from 1985 until 1996.

Democratic Renewal Party

1985: Supporters of president António Ramalho Eanes established the Democratic Renovator Party (Portugal) (Partido Renovador Democrático) as a centrist alternative.
1991: The party is dissolved

Liberal Social Movement

2005: The political organization is legalized, with the name in Portuguese, MLS - Movimento Liberal Social. The current President is Miguel Duarte.